Realization of the legal status of refugees in the Russian Federation. Ч.1

Nowadays the Russian Federation is asked for refuge for residents from postsoviet countries. According to the statistics of the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation 17 millions and 83 thousands of people arrived in Russia in 2015. More than 365 thousands of them received the permit for temporary residence, 1358 people applied for the status of refugees and 112 people received this status, 149 thousands of people received temporary refuge.

According to the law of the Russian Federation № 4528-1 of February 19, 1993 on refugees the refugee is a person who is not a citizen of the Russian Federation and who because of well- founded fear of becoming a victim of persecution by reason of race, religion, citizenship, national or social identity or political convention is found outside the country of his nationality and is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of this country due to such fear, or having lost his or her nationality and staying beyond the country of his or her former place of residence as a result of similar developments, cannot return to it and doesn't wish to do so because of such fear.[1]

The person recognized as a refugee and his family members who have arrived together with him should have rights such as : right to receive information about rights and duties; right to receive assistance in traveling to the place of sojourn; right to receive food and use public utilities; right to use the living quarters; right to receive medical aid; right to receive the work for hire; right to receive the social protection; right to receive assistance in the placement of children in educational institutions; right to return to the State of his nationality or his usual place of residence and so on.

The person recognized as a refugee and members of his family should be obligated to observe the legislation of the Russian Federation; to arrive on time to the center of temporary accommodation or any other place of sojourn; to observe the established order of residence; to inform the relevant bodies about intention to change the place of residence.

Nowadays a lot of refugees from Ukraine live in different cities and villages of the Russian Federation. The Federal Migration Service provided refugees with free transport to bring them to the place of accommodation and compensated all the expenses for removal. Refugees were placed in 78 subjects of the Russian Federation. These subjects were determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on approval of the distribution of the citizens of Ukraine on the subjects of the Russian Federation. This decree contains the quota of refugee allocation for each subject. Some scientists consider that using the quota reflects the luck of specialized mechanism for distribution of refugees.[4]Others think that it is measure which helps to provide effective social protection and assistance.[3]

Some families of refugees live in Staraya Russa. They are provided with food and places in hostel, they use public utilities and receive assistance in obtaining documents. Children of these people go to kindergarten and school. Refugees receive 800 rubles per day per person.[7] They have free vaccinations and receive specialized medical care.

According to senior lecturer of the department of Public Law of Volga Cooperative Institute of Russian University of Cooperation Elena Shurshalova refugees have low level of legal culture. They aren't aware of basic social services. So these people might have difficulties in adapting to new place of residence.[4]

Е. А. Ковалец
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